what are the sides of the dna ladder made of

There is so much DNA in each tiny cell that it must be condensed further to fit inside. Each rung of the ladder is made up of two nitrogen bases paired together by hydrogen bonds.

What Forms The Sides Of The Dna Ladder Quora

To understand DNAs double helix from a chemical standpoint picture the sides of the ladder as strands of alternating sugar and phosphate groups - strands that run in opposite directions.

. The bonds between nitrogenous bases are essential to DNAs double helix structure which resembles a twisted ladder. The base pairs form the rungs of the twisted ladder and the sugar-phosphate strands form the sides. However Homo sapiens modern humans only evolved between 400000 and 250000 years ago. The Earth has a 46-billion-year history.

Over time different human species with different characteristics have existed on Earth but not all species of humans have. Humans evolved from the family hominid great apes that have existed on Earth for around 20 million years.

What Makes Up The Rungs Of A Dna Ladder Quora